2G 3G 4G 5G Isubiramo

Igisekuru kizaza cya tekinoroji idafite ibibazo byinshi, ariko ibyo ntibyadindije umuvuduko.
Iri koranabuhanga rifite ibipimo bihanitse cyane, ubukererwe buri munsi ya 4G LTE, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukemura cyane ubwinshi bwibikoresho kurubuga rwa selire.Muri make, ni tekinoroji nziza yo gukemura umwuzure wamakuru yatanzwe na sensor yimodoka, ibikoresho bya IoT, kandi, bigenda byiyongera, ibisekuruza bizaza.
Imbaraga zitwara iri koranabuhanga nuburyo bushya bwo mu kirere buzafasha abakoresha imiyoboro igendanwa kugera ku ntera nini hamwe no kugabana ibintu bisa.Urusobe rushya rwurwego ruzorohereza gukorana numuyoboro wa 5G ugabanije kuguha imbaraga zo kugabura muburyo butandukanye bwimodoka ishingiye kubikenewe byumuhanda.
Michael Thompson, RF Solutions Architecture muri Cadence's Custom ICs na PCBs Group yagize ati: "Byerekeranye n'umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubukererwe."Ati: "Nibihe byihuse nshobora kubona amakuru menshi?Iyindi nyungu nuko iyi ari sisitemu ifite imbaraga, bityo ikankiza ikibazo cyo guhambira umuyoboro wose cyangwa imiyoboro myinshi.Ibi bisa nibisohoka kubisabwa, bitewe na porogaramu.Iki nicyo.Rero, biroroshye guhinduka kurenza ibisekuruza byabanjirije.Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwayo buri hejuru cyane. ”
Ibi bifungura uburyo bushya bwo gusaba mubuzima bwa buri munsi, mumikino ya siporo, mu nganda no mu bwikorezi.Thompson yagize ati: "Niba nshyize ibyuma bihagije mu ndege, ndashobora kubigenzura, kandi hamwe na porogaramu nko kwiga imashini, bizatangira kumva igihe igice, sisitemu cyangwa inzira bigomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa."Ati: "Hariho rero indege iguruka mu gihugu kandi igiye kugwa muri LaGuardia.Tegereza, umuntu azaza ayisimbuze.Ibi bigenda kubikoresho binini cyane byimura isi, nibikoresho byubucukuzi aho sisitemu yireba ubwayo.Urashaka kubuza ibyo bikoresho byamiriyoni y'amadorari ibikoresho kugirango bitangirika kugirango baticara aho bategereje koherezwa. Uzakira amakuru avuye mu bihumbi ibihumbi icyarimwe icyarimwe.Bisaba umurongo mwinshi. n'ubukererwe buke kugirango ubone amakuru vuba.Niba ukeneye guhindukira no kohereza ikintu inyuma, nawe urashobora kohereza vuba cyane. ”
Ikoranabuhanga rimwe, gushyira mubikorwa byinshi Ijambo 5G rikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye muriyi minsi.Mu buryo rusange muri rusange, iyi ni ihindagurika ry’ikoranabuhanga ridafite umuyaga rizemerera serivisi nshya gucungwa hejuru y’ikirere gisanzwe, nk'uko byasobanuwe na Colin Alexander, umuyobozi ushinzwe kwamamaza mu buryo butemewe n’ubucuruzi bw’ibikorwa remezo bya Arm.Ati: "Imiyoboro myinshi isanzwe kandi nshya izagenerwa gutwara ibinyabiziga biva munsi ya 1 GHz mu ntera ndende, mu nkengero z'umujyi ndetse no ku buryo bwagutse, ndetse na milimetero-ya-kuva kuri 26 kugeza kuri 60 GHz ku manza nshya zifite ubushobozi buke, zikoreshwa mu bukererwe buke."
Ihuriro rikurikira rya mobile Mobile Alliance (NGMN) hamwe nabandi bakoze inyandiko yerekana gukoresha imanza kumpande eshatu za mpandeshatu - imfuruka imwe yo kuzamura umurongo mugari wa terefone igendanwa, indi yo gukoresha itumanaho ryihuse cyane (URLLC).Ubwoko bw'imashini y'itumanaho.Buri kimwe muribi gisaba ubwoko butandukanye bwurusobe kubyo bakeneye.
Alexander yagize ati: "Ibi biganisha ku kindi gisabwa kuri 5G, icyifuzo cyo gusobanura umuyoboro wibanze".“Umuyoboro w'ibanze uzagereranya neza ubwo bwoko bwose bw'imodoka.”
Yagaragaje ko abakoresha imiyoboro igendanwa barimo gukora kugira ngo bongere uburyo bworoshye bwo kwagura no kwagura imiyoboro yabo, bakoresheje porogaramu igezweho kandi ifite ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bikoresho bisanzwe byo kubara mu gicu.
Kubireba ubwoko bwimodoka ya URLLC, ubu porogaramu irashobora gucungwa kuva mugicu.Ariko ibi bisaba kwimura ubugenzuzi hamwe nibikorwa byabakoresha hafi yurusobe, kumurongo wikirere.Kurugero, tekereza kuri robo zifite ubwenge muruganda zisaba imiyoboro mito itinda kubwumutekano nimpamvu nziza.Alegizandere avuga ko ibi bizakenera guhagarika mudasobwa, buri kimwe gifite mudasobwa, kubika, kwihuta, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo kwiga imashini, kandi ko serivisi zimwe na zimwe ariko atari zose za V2X hamwe n’imodoka zikoresha amamodoka zizaba zifite ibisabwa bisa.
"Mugihe bibaye ngombwa ubukererwe buke, gutunganya birashobora kongera kwimurwa kuruhande kugirango babaze kandi bavugane ibisubizo V2X.Niba porogaramu ijyanye no gucunga umutungo, nko guhagarara cyangwa gukora ibicuruzwa, kubara birashobora kuba ibicu byinshi. ”ku gikoresho “, - ati.
Gushushanya 5G Kubashakashatsi bashushanya bashinzwe gukora chip ya 5G, hariho ibice byinshi byimuka muri puzzle, buri kimwe gifite ibitekerezo byacyo.Kurugero, kuri sitasiyo fatizo, kimwe mubibazo nyamukuru ni ugukoresha ingufu.
Umuyobozi mukuru wa Flex Logix, Geoff Tate yagize ati: "Byinshi muri sitasiyo fatizo byateguwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya ASIC na FPGA bigezweho."Ati: "Kugeza ubu, byateguwe hakoreshejwe SerDes, ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi kandi igafata umwanya munini.Niba ushobora kubaka programable muri ASIC urashobora kugabanya gukoresha ingufu hamwe nibirenge kuko udakeneye SerDes kugirango ikore byihuse off-chip kandi ufite umurongo mwinshi hagati ya logicable programme na ASICs Intel ibikora ushyira Xeons yabo na Altera FPGA muri paki imwe Rero urabona inshuro 100 umurongo mugari Ibintu bishimishije kubyerekeranye na sitasiyo Yambere, utezimbere tekinoroji hanyuma urashobora kugurisha no kuyikoresha kwisi yose.Ukoresheje terefone igendanwa, urashobora gukora verisiyo zitandukanye mu bihugu bitandukanye. ”
Ibisabwa biratandukanye kubikoresho byoherejwe murusobe rwibanze no mubicu.Kimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi ni ubwubatsi butuma byoroha gucunga software no gukoresha byoroshye gukoresha imanza kubikoresho.
Alexandre w'intwaro yagize ati: "Urusobe rw'ibipimo ngenderwaho mu gukoresha serivisi za kontineri zikoreshwa nka OPNFV (Gufungura urubuga rwa Network Function Virtualisation) ni ngombwa cyane."“Gucunga imikoranire hagati yibintu byumuyoboro nurujya n'uruza hagati yibikoresho binyuze muri orchestre ya serivisi nabyo bizaba ingenzi.ONAP (Gufungura Network Network Automation Platform) ni urugero.Gukoresha ingufu no gukoresha ibikoresho nabyo ni amahitamo y'ingenzi. ”
Kuruhande rwurusobe, ibisabwa birimo ubukererwe buke, umukoresha-urwego rwinshi, hamwe nogukoresha ingufu nke.
Alexander yagize ati: "Kwihuta bigomba kuba byoroshye gushyigikira byoroshye ibisabwa byinshi byo kubara bitajya bikorwa neza nintego rusange CPU".Ubushobozi bwo gupima ni ngombwa cyane.Inkunga yubwubatsi bushobora gupima byoroshye hagati ya ASICs, ASSPs, na FPGAs nabyo ni ngombwa, kuko computing computing izakwirakwizwa mumiyoboro yubunini ubwo aribwo bwose.Ubunini bwa software nabwo ni ngombwa. ”
5G irashobora kandi gutera impinduka mububiko bwa chipset, cyane cyane aho amaradiyo aherereye.Ron Lowman yavuze ko mugihe igereranya ryimbere ryibisubizo bya LTE rishyirwa kuri radio, itunganyirizwa, cyangwa igahuzwa byuzuye, mugihe amakipi yimishinga yimukiye mubuhanga bushya, izo mpera-zisanzwe ziva muri chip mbere hanyuma zigasubira kuri yo. .nkuko ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere We, Synopsys IoT Strategic Marketing Manager.
Lowman yagize ati: "Hamwe na 5G haje, biteganijwe ko amaradiyo menshi, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, kandi byihuse, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga nka 12nm no hejuru bizagira uruhare runini mu bice bigize".Ati: "Ibi bisaba abahindura amakuru bajya mumashusho asa kugirango babashe gukora gigasamples kumasegonda.Kwizerwa cyane nabyo buri gihe ni ngombwa.Ibintu nka spekure ifunguye no gukoresha Wi-Fi bituma bigora cyane kuruta uko byari bimeze kera.Kugerageza guhangana nibintu byose bitari umurimo woroshye, kandi kwiga imashini hamwe nubwenge bwubukorikori birashobora kuba byiza gukora bimwe mubikorwa bikomeye.Ibi na byo bigira ingaruka ku myubakire, kuko idatwara gusa gutunganya, ahubwo no kwibuka. ”
Thompson wa Cadence arabyemera.Ati: "Mugihe dutezimbere 5G cyangwa IoT kurwego rwo hejuru 802.11 ndetse no mubitekerezo bya ADAS, turagerageza kugabanya gukoresha amashanyarazi, guhendwa, kuba muto no kongera imikorere twimukira kuri node nto.Gereranya ibyo no kuvanga impungenge, byagaragaye muri Federasiyo y'Uburusiya ".“Iyo imitwe igenda iba nto, IC igenda iba nto.Kugirango IC yungukire byuzuye mubunini bwayo, igomba kuba mumapaki mato.Hariho imbaraga zo gutuma ibintu biba bito kandi byoroshye, ariko ntabwo ari ikintu cyiza. ”ku gishushanyo cya RF ”.“… Mu kwigana, ntabwo mpangayikishijwe cyane n'ingaruka z'umuzunguruko ku isaranganya.Niba mfite igice cyicyuma, kirasa nkurwanya gato, ariko birasa nkurwanya kuri frequency zose.Niba ari ingaruka ya RF, noneho ni umurongo wohereza, bizasa ukundi bitewe ninshuro mboherereje hejuru.Iyi mirima izaterwa no mubindi bice byumunyururu.Ubu nakusanyije ibintu byose byegeranye kandi igihe bizabera ikora, ihuriro Impamyabumenyi yiyongera cyane.Iyo ngeze kuri node ntoya, izo ngaruka zo guhuza zigaragara cyane, bivuze kandi ko bias voltage ari nto. Rero urusaku ningaruka nini kuko ntabogamye igikoresho hasi. voltage ntoya, urwego rumwe rwurusaku rufite ingaruka nyinshi. Byinshi muribi bibazo bigaragara kurwego rwa sisitemu muri 5G. ”
Icyerekezo gishya cyokwizerwa Kwizerwa byafashe ibisobanuro bishya mubitumanaho bidafite insinga kuko izi chip zikoreshwa mumodoka, inganda nubuvuzi.Mubisanzwe ntabwo bifitanye isano n'itumanaho ridafite insinga, aho kunanirwa guhuza, gutesha agaciro imikorere, cyangwa ikindi kibazo icyo ari cyo cyose gishobora guhungabanya serivisi muri rusange bigaragara ko ari ikibazo aho kuba ikibazo cyumutekano.
Umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe ibishushanyo mbonera muri Fraunhofer EAS, Roland Jahnke yagize ati: "Tugomba gushaka uburyo bushya bwo kugenzura ko ibyuma by’umutekano bikora bizagenda neza."Ati: "Nka nganda, ntiturahari.Turimo kugerageza kubaka inzira yiterambere.Tugomba kureba uko ibice n'ibikoresho bikorana, kandi dufite akazi kenshi kugira ngo duhuze. ”
Jahnke yavuze ko kugeza ubu ibibazo byinshi byatewe n'ikosa rimwe.“Byagenda bite se niba hari amakosa abiri cyangwa atatu?Isuzuma rigomba kubwira uwashushanyije ibishobora kugenda nabi n'aho amakosa ari, hanyuma akayasubiza inyuma mu gihe cyo gushushanya. ”
Iki cyabaye ikibazo kinini mumasoko menshi akomeye yumutekano, kandi ikibazo kinini hamwe na simeless na moteri ni umubare wiyongera wimpinduka kumpande zombi.Oliver King, CTO wa Moortec agira ati: "Bamwe muribo bagomba gutegurwa kugirango bahore."“Kwerekana mbere y'igihe birashobora guhanura uko ibintu bizakoreshwa.Biragoye guhanura.Bizatwara igihe kugira ngo turebe uko ibintu bigenda. ”
Umuyoboro wumudugudu urakenewe.Nyamara, ibigo bihagije byumva ko 5G ifite inyungu zihagije zo kwerekana imbaraga zo kubaka ibikorwa remezo bikenewe kugirango byose bikore.
Magdi Abadir, umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe kwamamaza muri Helic, yavuze ko itandukaniro rinini na 5G ari umuvuduko w’amakuru yatanzwe.“5G irashobora gukora ku muvuduko uva kuri gigabits 10 kugeza kuri 20 ku isegonda.Ibikorwa remezo bigomba gushyigikira ubwoko bwikwirakwizwa ryamakuru, kandi chip igomba gutunganya aya makuru yinjira.Kubakira no kohereza mumatsinda iri hejuru ya 100 GB, inshuro nayo igomba kwitabwaho.Muri Federasiyo y'Uburusiya, bamenyereye kuri GHz 70 kuri radar n'ibindi nk'ibyo. ”
Gukora ibikorwa remezo nakazi katoroshye gahuza imirongo myinshi murwego rwo gutanga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Abadir yagize ati: "Ubumaji buvugwa kugira ngo ibi bishoboke ni ukugerageza kurushaho kwishyira hamwe ku ruhande rwa RF ya SoC."Kwishyira hamwe hamwe na ADC igereranya hamwe na DAC hamwe nigipimo cyo hejuru cyane.Ibintu byose bigomba kwinjizwa muri SoC imwe.Twabonye kwishyira hamwe no kuganira kubibazo byo kwishyira hamwe, ariko ibi birakabije byose kuko bishyiraho intego nkuru kandi bigahatira abitezimbere kwishyira hamwe kuruta uko twabitekerezaga.Biragoye cyane gutandukanya ibintu byose kandi ntibigire ingaruka ku turere duturanye. ”
Dufatiye kuri iyi ngingo, 2G ni cyane cyane kohereza amajwi, mugihe 3G na 4G aribwohereza amakuru menshi kandi nubufasha bunoze.Ibinyuranye, 5G yerekana ikwirakwizwa ryibikoresho bitandukanye, serivisi zitandukanye no kongera umurongo.
Mike Fitton, ushinzwe igenamigambi n’inzobere mu iterambere ry’ubucuruzi muri Achronix, yagize ati: "Uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha nk'umuyoboro mugari wongerewe umurongo hamwe n’umuyoboro muke wihuse bisaba kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wa 10x".Ati: “Byongeye kandi, 5G biteganijwe ko izaba ingenzi cyane kuri V2X, cyane cyane ku gisekuru kizaza cya 5G.5G Isohora 16 izaba ifite URLLC ifite akamaro kanini kubisabwa V2X.Ubwoko bwa porogaramu.
Guteganyiriza ejo hazaza hatazwi 5G bikunze gufatwa nkurukurikirane rwikirenga hamwe nubunini bwa 10x, umuvuduko wa 5x, nibindi bikoresho 5-10x.Ibi biragoye nukuba wino iri muri 5G idakama cyane.Hama hariho gutinda kwinyongera bisaba guhinduka no guhinduka muri programme.
Ati: "Niba uzirikana ibikenewe bibiri bikenewe kugirango uhuze amakuru yibikoresho bitewe numuyoboro mwinshi kandi ukeneye guhinduka, ibi bivuze ko ushobora kuba ukeneye ubwoko bumwe bwihariye bwa SoC cyangwa ASIC bufite porogaramu nyinshi hagati yibyuma na software.… Niba urebye kuri buri platform ya 5G uyumunsi, byose bishingiye kuri FPGAs kuko utabona gusa ibyinjira.Rimwe na rimwe, OEMs zose zingenzi zidafite umugozi zishobora kwimukira muri software nyinshi zubukungu kandi zinoze, ariko bisaba guhinduka no gutwara kugirango ugabanye ibiciro nogukoresha ingufu.Ni ugukomeza guhinduka aho ubikeneye (muri FPGAs cyangwa gushyiramo FPGAs) hanyuma ukongeramo imikorere aho bishoboka kugirango ugere ku giciro gito no gukoresha amashanyarazi. ”
Tate ya Flex Logix irabyemera.Ati: “Ibigo birenga 100 bikorera muri kariya gace.Ikirangantego kiratandukanye, protocole iratandukanye, na chip zikoreshwa ziratandukanye.Imashini isubiramo izagarukira cyane ku mbaraga ku nkuta z'inyubako, aho hashobora kuba hari aho eFPGA ifite agaciro. ”
Inkuru zifitanye isano Umuhanda urutare rugana kuri 5G Ubu buhanga bushya butagira umuyaga buzagera he, kandi ni izihe mbogamizi zisigaye gutsinda?Kwipimisha Wireless Guhura Nibibazo bishya Kuza kwa 5G hamwe nubundi buryo bushya bwa tekinoroji idafite umugozi bituma igerageza rirushaho kuba ingorabahizi.Ikizamini cya Wireless ni igisubizo kimwe gishoboka.Ikiganiro cya Tekinike: Niki 5G, igipimo gishya kidafite umugozi, bivuze inganda zikoranabuhanga nibibazo biri imbere.Isiganwa ryibikoresho bya 5G ryatangiye Igisekuru kizaza cyikoranabuhanga ridafite umuyaga riracyari mu majyambere, ariko abacuruza ibikoresho biteguye kugerageza 5G mubyoherejwe.
Inganda zateye imbere mu gusobanukirwa uburyo gusaza bigira ingaruka ku kwizerwa, ariko impinduka nyinshi zituma bikosorwa.
Itsinda ririmo gushakisha ubushobozi bwibikoresho 2D, 1000-ya NAND yibuka, nuburyo bushya bwo gukoresha impano.
Kwishyira hamwe kwa Heterogene no kongera ubucucike imbere yumutwe bitera ibibazo bitoroshye kandi bitoroshye kubikorwa bya IC no gupakira.
Kwemeza gutunganya biragoye cyane kuruta ASIC yubunini bugereranijwe, kandi RISC-V itunganya yongeyeho urundi rwego rugoye.
127 batangiye bakusanyije miliyari 2.6 z'amadolari, hamwe n’inkunga ikomeye yakusanyijwe no guhuza amakuru, kubara kwant na bateri.
Inganda zateye imbere mu gusobanukirwa uburyo gusaza bigira ingaruka ku kwizerwa, ariko impinduka nyinshi zituma bikosorwa.
Ibishushanyo bya Heterogeneous, kudahuza ubushyuhe muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha birashobora kugira ingaruka kubintu byose kuva gusaza byihuse kugeza kurwana no kunanirwa kwa sisitemu.
Ububiko bushya bwo kwibuka bwongeraho inyungu zingenzi, ariko biracyahenze kandi biragoye gukoresha.Ibi birashobora guhinduka.