- MIMO ni iki?
Muri iki gihe cyimikoranire, terefone zigendanwa, nkidirishya ryacu ryo kuvugana nisi yo hanze, bisa nkaho byabaye igice cyumubiri.
Ariko terefone igendanwa ntishobora kugaragara kuri interineti yonyine, umuyoboro wa terefone igendanwa wabaye nk’amazi n'amashanyarazi ku bantu.Iyo ugeze kuri enterineti, ntiwumva akamaro k'izi ntwari ziri inyuma yinyuma.Umaze kugenda, urumva ko udashobora kubaho ukundi.
Hari igihe, interineti ya terefone igendanwa yishyurwa n’umuhanda, abantu binjiza amafaranga ni ibiceri magana, ariko 1MHz ikeneye gukoresha igiceri.Noneho, nubona Wi-Fi, uzumva ufite umutekano.
Reka turebe uko router idafite umugozi isa.
Antene 8, irasa nigitagangurirwa.
Ikimenyetso gishobora kunyura mu nkuta ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi?Cyangwa umuvuduko wa interineti uzikuba kabiri?
Izi ngaruka zishobora kugerwaho na router, kandi igerwaho hamwe na antene nyinshi, tekinoroji izwi ya MIMO.
MIMO, ni Multi-yinjiza Multi isohoka.
Biragoye kubyiyumvisha, sibyo?Niki Multi-yinjiza Multi-isohoka niki, antene ishobora gute kugera ku ngaruka zose?Iyo ukoresheje interineti ukoresheje umugozi, umuyoboro uri hagati ya mudasobwa na interineti ni umugozi wumubiri, biragaragara.Noneho reka twiyumvire mugihe dukoresha antene kugirango twohereze ibimenyetso mukirere dukoresheje amashanyarazi ya electronique.Umwuka ukora nkumugozi ariko ni virtual, umuyoboro wo kohereza ibimenyetso byitwa umuyoboro udafite umugozi.
None, nigute ushobora gukora interineti byihuse?
Yego, uvuze ukuri!Irashobora gukemurwa na antenne nkeya, insinga nkeya ziboneka hamwe kugirango wohereze kandi wakire amakuru.MIMO yagenewe umuyoboro udafite umugozi.
Kimwe na router idafite umugozi, 4G base base na terefone yawe igendanwa ikora ikintu kimwe.
Ndashimira MIMO Technology, ihujwe cyane na 4G, dushobora kubona umuvuduko wihuse wa enterineti.Icyarimwe, abakoresha telefone zigendanwa igiciro cyaragabanutse cyane;turashobora gukoresha make kugirango tumenye umuvuduko wa interineti wihuse kandi utagira imipaka.Noneho amaherezo dushobora kwikuramo kwishingikiriza kuri Wi-Fi hanyuma tukareba interineti igihe cyose.
Noneho, reka mbamenyeshe MIMO icyo aricyo?
2.Ibyiciro bya MIMO
Mbere ya byose, MIMO twavuze mbere yerekana ubwiyongere bugaragara bwumuvuduko wa neti mukuramo.Ibyo ni ukubera ko, kuri ubu, dufite icyifuzo gikomeye cyo gukuramo.Bitekerezeho, urashobora gukuramo amashusho menshi ya GHz ariko ugashyiraho ahanini MHz nkeya.
Kubera ko MIMO yitwa ibyinjijwe byinshi nibisohoka byinshi, inzira nyinshi zo kohereza zakozwe na antene nyinshi.Birumvikana ko, sitasiyo fatizo idashyigikira gusa antenna nyinshi, ariko na terefone igendanwa igomba no guhura na antenna nyinshi.
Reka dusuzume igishushanyo cyoroshye gikurikira: (Mubyukuri, antenne ya sitasiyo ya sitasiyo nini, kandi antenne ya terefone igendanwa ni nto kandi ihishe. Ariko nubwo ifite ubushobozi butandukanye, bari mumwanya umwe w'itumanaho.)
Ukurikije umubare wa antene ya sitasiyo fatizo na terefone zigendanwa, irashobora kugabanywamo amoko ane: SISO, SIMO, MISO na MIMO.
SISO: Iyinjiza rimwe hamwe nibisohoka kimwe
SIMO: Iyinjiza rimwe hamwe nibisohoka byinshi
MISO: Ibyinjijwe byinshi hamwe nibisohoka kimwe
MIMO: Ibisohoka byinshi nibisohoka byinshi
Reka duhere kuri SISO:
Ifishi yoroshye irashobora gusobanurwa mumagambo ya MIMO nka SISO - Iyinjiza Rimwe Ibisohoka.Iyi transmitter ikorana na antenne imwe nkuko des yakira.Nta tandukaniro, kandi nta gutunganya byongeye bisabwa.
Hano hari antenne imwe kuri sitasiyo fatizo nimwe kuri terefone igendanwa;ntibabangamirana-inzira yo kohereza hagati yabo niyo yonyine ihuza.
Ntagushidikanya ko sisitemu nkiyi yoroshye cyane, ni umuhanda muto.Ibihe byose bitunguranye bizahungabanya itumanaho.
SIMO nibyiza kuko kwakira terefone byongerewe.
Nkuko mubibona, terefone igendanwa ntishobora guhindura ibidukikije bidafite umugozi, bityo irahinduka ubwayo - terefone igendanwa yongeraho antenne ubwayo.
Muri ubu buryo, ubutumwa bwoherejwe kuri sitasiyo fatizo burashobora kugera kuri terefone igendanwa muburyo bubiri!Ni uko bombi baturuka muri antenne imwe kuri sitasiyo fatizo kandi bashobora kohereza amakuru amwe gusa.
Nkigisubizo, ntacyo bitwaye niba wabuze amakuru kuri buri nzira.Igihe cyose terefone ishobora kwakira kopi yinzira iyariyo yose, nubwo ubushobozi ntarengwa bukomeza kuba bumwe kuri buri nzira, amahirwe yo kwakira amakuru yikubye kabiri.Ibi byitwa kandi kwakira ibintu bitandukanye.
MISO ni iki?
Muyandi magambo, terefone igendanwa iracyafite antenne imwe, kandi umubare wa antene muri sitasiyo fatizo wongerewe kugeza kuri ebyiri.Muri iki kibazo, amakuru amwe yoherejwe muri antenne ebyiri zohereza.Kandi antenna yakira noneho irashobora kwakira ibimenyetso byiza hamwe namakuru yukuri.
Ibyiza byo gukoresha MISO nuko antene nyinshi hamwe namakuru yimurwa kuva mubakira kugeza kuri transmitter.Sitasiyo fatizo irashobora kohereza amakuru amwe muburyo bubiri;ntacyo bitwaye niba wabuze amakuru amwe;itumanaho rishobora gukomeza bisanzwe.
Nubwo ubushobozi ntarengwa bukomeza kuba bumwe, intsinzi yo gutumanaho yikubye kabiri.Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa kohereza ibintu bitandukanye.
Hanyuma, reka tuganire kuri MIMO.
Hano hari antenne zirenze imwe kumpera ya radio ihuza, kandi ibi byitwa MIMO –Mwinshi winjiza byinshi bisohoka.MIMO irashobora gukoreshwa mugutanga iterambere murwego rwombi rukomeye hamwe numuyoboro winjira.Sitasiyo fatizo hamwe na mobile igendanwa byombi bishobora gukoresha antene ebyiri zohereza no kwakira mu bwigenge, kandi bivuze ko umuvuduko wikubye kabiri?
Muri ubu buryo, hari inzira enye zohereza hagati ya sitasiyo fatizo na terefone igendanwa, bisa nkaho bigoye cyane.Ariko kugirango ubyemeze neza, kubera ko sitasiyo fatizo hamwe na terefone igendanwa byombi bifite antene 2, irashobora kohereza no kwakira amakuru abiri icyarimwe.None se ubushobozi bwa MIMO bwiyongera bangahe ugereranije n'inzira imwe?Duhereye ku isesengura ryabanje rya SIMO na MISO, birasa nkaho ubushobozi ntarengwa buterwa numubare wa antene kumpande zombi.
Sisitemu ya MIMO muri rusange ni A * B MIMO;A bisobanura umubare wa antenne ya sitasiyo, B bisobanura umubare wa antene ya terefone igendanwa.Tekereza kuri 4 * 4 MIMO na 4 * 2 MIMO.Utekereza ko ari ubuhe bushobozi bunini?
4 * 4 MIMO irashobora kohereza no kwakira imiyoboro 4 icyarimwe, kandi ubushobozi bwayo burashobora kugera ku nshuro 4 za sisitemu ya SISO.4 * 2 MIMO irashobora kugera inshuro 2 gusa sisitemu ya SISO.
Ukoresheje antenne nyinshi ninzira zinyuranye zoherejwe mumwanya wo guhuza ibintu kugirango wohereze kopi nyinshi zamakuru atandukanye murwego rwo kongera ubushobozi byitwa space division multiplex.
None, ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo kohereza muri sisitemu ya MIMO?Reka tujye mu kizamini.
Turacyafata sitasiyo fatizo na terefone igendanwa hamwe na antene 2 nkurugero.Niyihe nzira yo kohereza hagati yabo?
Nkuko mubibona, inzira enye zinyura mukuzimangana no kwivanga, kandi iyo amakuru ageze kuri terefone igendanwa, ntibagishobora gutandukana.Ibi ntabwo ari kimwe n'inzira imwe?Muri iki gihe, sisitemu ya 2 * 2 MIMO ntabwo ihwanye na sisitemu ya SISO?
Muri ubwo buryo, sisitemu ya 2 * 2 MIMO irashobora kwangirika muri SIMO, MISO, nubundi buryo, bivuze ko kugabana ikirere bigabanywa kugabanuka kwinshi cyangwa kwakira ibintu bitandukanye, ibyifuzo bya sitasiyo fatizo nabyo byagabanutse kuva mukurikirana umuvuduko mwinshi kugeza kwemeza igipimo cyo gutsinda.
Nigute sisitemu ya MIMO yizwe hakoreshejwe ibimenyetso by'imibare?
3.Ibanga ry'umuyoboro wa MIMO
Ba injeniyeri bakunda gukoresha ibimenyetso by'imibare.
Ba injeniyeri bashyize ahagaragara amakuru yavuye muri antenne ebyiri kuri sitasiyo fatizo nka X1 na X2, amakuru yavuye muri antenne ya terefone igendanwa nka Y1 na Y2, inzira enye zoherejwe zashyizweho nka H11, H12, H21, H22.
Biroroshye kubara Y1 na Y2 murubu buryo.Ariko rimwe na rimwe, ubushobozi bwa 2 * 2 MIMO bushobora kugera kuri kabiri SISO, rimwe na rimwe ntibishobora, rimwe na rimwe bigahinduka nka SISO.Wabisobanura ute?
Iki kibazo gishobora gusobanurwa numuyoboro uhuza twavuze - uko isano iri hejuru, niko bigoye gutandukanya buri nzira yohereza nuruhande rwa mobile.Niba umuyoboro ari umwe, noneho ibigereranyo byombi bihinduka kimwe, nuko hariho inzira imwe gusa yo kubitanga.
Ikigaragara ni uko ibanga ry'umuyoboro wa MIMO riri mu guca urubanza rwigenga.Ni ukuvuga, ibanga riri muri H11, H12, H21, na H22.Ba injeniyeri borohereza ikigereranyo kuburyo bukurikira:
Ba injeniyeri bagerageje koroshya H1, H12, H21, na H22, binyuze mumahinduka amwe atoroshye, kuringaniza hanyuma amaherezo bahinduka kuri formula.
Inyongera ebyiri X'1 na X'2, kugwiza λ1kandi λ2, urashobora kubona Y'1 na Y'2.Indangagaciro za λ1 na λ2 zisobanura iki?
Hano hari matrix nshya.Matrix ifite amakuru kuri diagonal imwe gusa yitwa matrise ya diagonal.Umubare wamakuru atari zeru kuri diagonal yitwa urwego rwa matrix.Muri 2 * 2 MIMO, bivuga indangagaciro zitari zeru za λ1 na λ2.
Niba urwego ari 1, bivuze ko sisitemu ya 2 * 2 MIMO ifitanye isano cyane mumwanya wo kohereza, bivuze ko MIMO yangirika kuri SISO cyangwa SIMO kandi ishobora kwakira no kohereza amakuru yose icyarimwe.
Niba urwego ari 2, noneho sisitemu ifite imiyoboro ibiri yigenga ugereranije.Irashobora kohereza no kwakira amakuru icyarimwe.
Noneho, niba urwego ari 2, ubushobozi bwiyi miyoboro yombi yohereza bwikubye kabiri bumwe bumwe?Igisubizo kiri mu kigereranyo cya λ1 na λ2, nacyo cyitwa umubare uteganijwe.
Niba umubare uteganijwe ari 1, bivuze ko λ1 na λ2 ari kimwe;bafite ubwigenge buhanitse.Ubushobozi bwa sisitemu ya 2 * 2 MIMO irashobora kugera kuri byinshi.
Niba umubare uteganijwe urenze 1, bivuze ko λ1 na λ2 bitandukanye.Nyamara, hari imiyoboro ibiri itandukanye, kandi ubuziranenge buratandukanye, noneho sisitemu izashyira umutungo wingenzi kumuyoboro hamwe nubwiza bwiza.Muri ubu buryo, ubushobozi bwa 2 * 2 MIMO ni inshuro 1 cyangwa 2 za sisitemu ya SISO.
Nyamara, amakuru atangwa mugihe cyoherejwe nyuma yumwanya fatizo wohereje amakuru.Nigute sitasiyo fatizo izi igihe cyo kohereza umuyoboro umwe cyangwa imiyoboro ibiri?
Ntiwibagirwe, kandi nta banga riri hagati yabo.Terefone igendanwa izohereza imiyoboro yapimwe imiterere, urwego rwohereza matrix, hamwe nibyifuzo byo kubanziriza sitasiyo fatizo kugirango ikoreshwe.
Aha, ntekereza ko dushobora kubona ko MIMO ihinduka ikintu nkicyo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-20-2021