Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya 5G na 4G?
Inkuru yuyu munsi itangirana na formula.
Nuburyo bworoshye ariko butangaje.Biroroshye kuko ifite inyuguti eshatu gusa.Kandi biratangaje kuko ni formula ikubiyemo ibanga ryikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho.
Inzira ni:
Munyemerere nsobanure formulaire, nuburyo bwibanze bwa fiziki, umuvuduko wumucyo = uburebure bwumurongo * inshuro.
Kubijyanye na formula, urashobora kuvuga: niba ari 1G, 2G, 3G, cyangwa 4G, 5G, byose byonyine.
Wired?Wireless?
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho - itumanaho ryinsinga hamwe nitumanaho ridafite umugozi.
Niba nguhamagaye, amakuru yamakuru ari mwikirere (itagaragara kandi idafatika) cyangwa ibikoresho bifatika (bigaragara kandi bifatika).
Niba yandujwe kubikoresho bifatika, ni itumanaho.Ikoreshwa insinga z'umuringa, fibre optique., Nibindi, byose byitwa itangazamakuru.
Iyo amakuru yoherejwe kubitangazamakuru byatsindagiye, igipimo gishobora kugera ku gaciro gakomeye cyane.
Kurugero, muri laboratoire, umuvuduko ntarengwa wa fibre imwe wageze kuri 26Tbps;ni inshuro ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitandatu bya kabili gakondo.
Fibre optique
Itumanaho ryo mu kirere ni icyuho cyitumanaho rigendanwa.
Ibigezweho muri rusange bigendanwa ni 4G LTE, umuvuduko wa teoretiki ya 150Mbps gusa (usibye guteranya abatwara).Ibi rwose ntakintu ugereranije na kabili.
Kubwibyo,niba 5G ari ukugera kumuvuduko wihuse kurangiza-kurangira, ingingo yingenzi ni ugucamo icyuho kitagira umugozi.
Nkuko twese tubizi, itumanaho ridafite insinga nugukoresha amashanyarazi ya electronique.Umuhengeri wa elegitoronike nu mucyo urumuri byombi ni amashanyarazi.
Inshuro zayo zigena imikorere yumurongo wa electromagnetic.Imiyoboro ya electromagnetiki yumurongo utandukanye ifite ibintu bitandukanye bityo ikagira nibindi bikoreshwa.
Kurugero, imirasire ya gamma yumurongo mwinshi ifite urupfu rukomeye kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mukuvura ibibyimba.
Kugeza ubu dukoresha cyane cyane amashanyarazi kumatumanaho.byumvikane, hariho izamuka ryitumanaho ryiza, nka LIFI.
LiFi (ubudahemuka bworoshye), itumanaho rigaragara.
Reka tubanze tugaruke kumaradiyo.
Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki ni ubwoko bwumuriro wa electroniki.Ibikoresho byinshyi bifite aho bigarukira.
Twagabanije inshuro mubice bitandukanye hanyuma tubiha ibintu bitandukanye kandi dukoresha kugirango twirinde kwivanga namakimbirane.
| Izina ryitsinda | Amagambo ahinnye | Inomero ya ITU | Inshuro nuburebure | Urugero |
| Umuvuduko muke cyane | ELF | 1 | 3-30Hz100.000-10,000km | Itumanaho hamwe nubwato |
| Umuvuduko Mucyo | SLF | 2 | 30-300Hz10,000-1,000km | Itumanaho hamwe nubwato |
| Ultra Umuyoboro muto | ULF | 3 | 300-3,000Hz1.000-100km | Itumanaho rya Submarine, Itumanaho muri mines |
| Umuvuduko muke cyane | VLF | 4 | 3-30KHz100-10km | Kugenda, ibimenyetso byigihe, itumanaho ryamazi, monitor yumutima utagikurikirana, geofiziki |
| Umuvuduko muke | LF | 5 | 30-300KHz10-1km | Kugenda, ibimenyetso byigihe, AM Longwave yerekana (Uburayi nibice bya Aziya), RFID, radio yikinira |
| Umwanya wo hagati | MF | 6 | 300-3,000KHz1.000-100m | AM (imiyoboro yo hagati) yerekana, radio yikinira, beacons ya avalanche |
| Umuvuduko mwinshi | HF | 7 | 3-30MHz100-10M | Ibiganiro bigufi bya radiyo, abenegihugu bandika radio, radio yikinira hamwe n’itumanaho ry’indege zirenga kuri horizon, RFID, radar irenga-horizon, ishyirwaho ryikora ryikora (ALE) / hafi ya vertical incidence Skywave (NVIS) itumanaho rya radio, marine na radio igendanwa |
| Umuvuduko mwinshi cyane | VHF | 8 | 30-300MHz10-1m | FM, ibiganiro kuri tereviziyo, umurongo-wo-kureba-ku-ndege no guhanahana amakuru ku ndege, itumanaho rigendanwa ku butaka no mu nyanja, radiyo yikinira, radiyo y’ikirere |
| Ultra yumurongo mwinshi | UHF | 9 | 300-3,000MHz1-0.1m | Amateleviziyo kuri televiziyo, ifuru ya microwave, ibikoresho bya microwave / itumanaho, radiyo y’inyenyeri, terefone igendanwa, LAN itagira umugozi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS na radiyo ebyiri nka radiyo igendanwa ku butaka, amaradiyo ya FRS na GMRS, radiyo yikinira, radiyo ya satelite, Sisitemu yo kugenzura kure, ADSB |
| Umuvuduko mwinshi | SHF | 10 | 3-30GHz100-10mm | Radio astronomie, ibikoresho bya microwave / itumanaho, LAN itagira umugozi, DSRC, radar nyinshi zigezweho, satelite yitumanaho, insinga za tereviziyo na televiziyo, DBS, radio yikinira, radio satelite |
| Inshuro nyinshi cyane | EHF | 11 | 30-300GHz10-1mm | Radiyo yubumenyi bwa radiyo, radiyo yumurongo wa radiyo yumurongo wa radiyo, microwave ya kure yunvikana, radio yikinira, intwaro-yingufu, milimetero ya scaneri, Wireless Lan 802.11ad |
| Terahertz cyangwa Byinshi cyane | THz ya THF | 12 | 300-3,000GHz1-0.1mm | Kwipimisha kwa muganga gusimbuza X-imirasire, imbaraga za ultrafast molekulike, ibintu bifatika bifatika, terahertz igihe-indangarubuga ya sprosroscopi, kubara terahertz / itumanaho, kwiyumvisha kure |
Gukoresha amaradiyo yumurongo utandukanye
Dukoresha cyaneMF-SHFyo gutumanaho kuri terefone igendanwa.
Kurugero, "GSM900" na "CDMA800" bakunze kuvuga GSM ikora kuri 900MHz na CDMA ikora kuri 800MHz.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo rusange bw'ikoranabuhanga rya 4G LTE ku isi ni ubwa UHF na SHF.
Ubushinwa bukoresha SHF
Nkuko mubibona, hamwe niterambere rya 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, imirongo ya radio ikoreshwa iragenda yiyongera.
Kubera iki?
Ibi biterwa ahanini nuko urwego rwinshi, ibikoresho byinshi birahari.Ibikoresho byinshi byinshyi birahari, niko igipimo cyo kohereza gishobora kugerwaho.
Umuvuduko mwinshi bisobanura ibikoresho byinshi, bivuze umuvuduko wihuse.
None, 5 G ikoresha imirongo yihariye?
Nkuko bigaragara hano hepfo:
Imirongo yumurongo wa 5G igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: imwe iri munsi ya 6GHz, ntabwo itandukanye cyane nubu 2G, 3G, 4G, naho ubundi, iri hejuru, hejuru ya 24GHz.
Kugeza ubu, 28GHz nitsinda mpuzamahanga ryambere ryipimisha (umurongo wumurongo ushobora nanone kuba umurongo wambere wubucuruzi kuri 5G)
Niba ubarwa na 28GHz, ukurikije formula twavuze haruguru:
Nibyiza, ibyo nibintu bya mbere bya tekinike ya 5G
Millimetero-umuraba
Munyemerere nongere kwerekana imbonerahamwe yumurongo:
| Izina ryitsinda | Amagambo ahinnye | Inomero ya ITU | Inshuro nuburebure | Urugero |
| Umuvuduko muke cyane | ELF | 1 | 3-30Hz100.000-10,000km | Itumanaho hamwe nubwato |
| Umuvuduko Mucyo | SLF | 2 | 30-300Hz10,000-1,000km | Itumanaho hamwe nubwato |
| Ultra Umuyoboro muto | ULF | 3 | 300-3,000Hz1.000-100km | Itumanaho rya Submarine, Itumanaho muri mines |
| Umuvuduko muke cyane | VLF | 4 | 3-30KHz100-10km | Kugenda, ibimenyetso byigihe, itumanaho ryamazi, monitor yumutima utagikurikirana, geofiziki |
| Umuvuduko muke | LF | 5 | 30-300KHz10-1km | Kugenda, ibimenyetso byigihe, AM Longwave yerekana (Uburayi nibice bya Aziya), RFID, radio yikinira |
| Umwanya wo hagati | MF | 6 | 300-3,000KHz1.000-100m | AM (imiyoboro yo hagati) yerekana, radio yikinira, beacons ya avalanche |
| Umuvuduko mwinshi | HF | 7 | 3-30MHz100-10M | Ibiganiro bigufi bya radiyo, abenegihugu bandika radio, radio yikinira hamwe n’itumanaho ry’indege zirenga kuri horizon, RFID, radar irenga-horizon, ishyirwaho ryikora ryikora (ALE) / hafi ya vertical incidence Skywave (NVIS) itumanaho rya radio, marine na radio igendanwa |
| Umuvuduko mwinshi cyane | VHF | 8 | 30-300MHz10-1m | FM, ibiganiro kuri tereviziyo, umurongo-wo-kureba-ku-ndege no guhanahana amakuru ku ndege, itumanaho rigendanwa ku butaka no mu nyanja, radiyo yikinira, radiyo y’ikirere |
| Ultra yumurongo mwinshi | UHF | 9 | 300-3,000MHz1-0.1m | Amateleviziyo kuri televiziyo, ifuru ya microwave, ibikoresho bya microwave / itumanaho, radiyo y’inyenyeri, terefone igendanwa, LAN itagira umugozi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS na radiyo ebyiri nka radiyo igendanwa ku butaka, amaradiyo ya FRS na GMRS, radiyo yikinira, radiyo ya satelite, Sisitemu yo kugenzura kure, ADSB |
| Umuvuduko mwinshi | SHF | 10 | 3-30GHz100-10mm | Radio astronomie, ibikoresho bya microwave / itumanaho, LAN itagira umugozi, DSRC, radar nyinshi zigezweho, satelite yitumanaho, insinga za tereviziyo na televiziyo, DBS, radio yikinira, radio satelite |
| Inshuro nyinshi cyane | EHF | 11 | 30-300GHz10-1mm | Radiyo yubumenyi bwa radiyo, radiyo yumurongo wa radiyo yumurongo wa radiyo, microwave ya kure yunvikana, radio yikinira, intwaro-yingufu, milimetero ya scaneri, Wireless Lan 802.11ad |
| Terahertz cyangwa Byinshi cyane | THz ya THF | 12 | 300-3,000GHz1-0.1mm | Kwipimisha kwa muganga gusimbuza X-imirasire, imbaraga za ultrafast molekulike, ibintu bifatika bifatika, terahertz igihe-indangarubuga ya sprosroscopi, kubara terahertz / itumanaho, kwiyumvisha kure |
Nyamuneka witondere umurongo wo hasi.Nibyo amilimetero-umuraba!
Nibyiza, kubera ko imirongo myinshi ari nziza, kuki tutakoresheje inshuro nyinshi mbere?
Impamvu iroroshye:
–Ntabwo ari uko udashaka kuyikoresha.Ni uko udashobora kubigura.
Ibintu bitangaje biranga imirasire ya electromagnetiki: uko urwego rwinshi, niko bigabanya uburebure bwumuraba, niko wegera gukwirakwiza umurongo (nubushobozi bwo gutandukana).Nibisanzwe inshuro nyinshi, niko kwiyongera hagati.
Reba ikaramu yawe ya laser (uburebure bwumurongo ni 635nm).Umucyo wasohotse uragororotse.Niba uyihagaritse, ntushobora kuyinyuramo.
Noneho reba itumanaho rya satelite hamwe nogukoresha GPS (uburebure bwumurongo ni 1cm).Niba hari inzitizi, nta kimenyetso kizaba.
Inkono nini ya satelite igomba guhindurwa kugirango yerekane icyogajuru mu cyerekezo cyiza, cyangwa no kudahuza gato bizagira ingaruka ku bwiza bwibimenyetso.
Niba itumanaho rya terefone rigendanwa rikoresha umurongo mwinshi, ikibazo cyacyo gikomeye ni intera yagabanijwe cyane, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza buragabanuka cyane.
Kugira ngo ugere ku gace kamwe, umubare wa sitasiyo ya 5G usabwa uzarenga cyane 4G.
Umubare wa sitasiyo fatizo usobanura iki?Amafaranga, ishoramari, nigiciro.
Hasi inshuro, umuyoboro uhendutse, kandi uzarushanwe.Niyo mpamvu abatwara ibintu bose bahanganye na bande-buke.
Amatsinda amwe niyo yitwa - imirongo ya zahabu.
Kubwibyo, ukurikije impamvu zavuzwe haruguru, hashingiwe kumurongo mwinshi, kugirango ugabanye umuvuduko wibiciro byo kubaka umuyoboro, 5G igomba gushaka inzira nshya.
Kandi inzira ni izihe?
Ubwa mbere, hariho micro base sitasiyo.
Sitasiyo ya Micro
Hano hari ubwoko bubiri bwibanze, micro base stasiyo na macro base base.Reba izina, na micro base station ni nto;sitasiyo ya macro ni nini.
Sitasiyo ya Macro:
Gutwikira ahantu hanini.
Sitasiyo ya Micro:
Ntoya cyane.
Sitasiyo ya micro base ubu, cyane cyane mumijyi no murugo, akenshi irashobora kuboneka.
Mugihe kizaza, iyo bigeze kuri 5G, hazaba nibindi byinshi, kandi bizashyirwa ahantu hose, hafi ya hose.
Urashobora kubaza, hari ingaruka bizagira kumubiri wumuntu niba sitasiyo nyinshi zifatizo ziri hafi?
Igisubizo cyanjye ni oya.
Sitasiyo zifatizo zirahari, imirasire mike irahari.
Bitekerezeho, mu gihe cy'itumba, munzu irimo itsinda ryabantu, nibyiza kugira umushyushya umwe ufite ingufu nyinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe buke buke?
Sitasiyo ntoya, imbaraga nke kandi ibereye buri wese.
Niba ari sitasiyo nini gusa, imirasire irahambaye kandi ni kure cyane, nta kimenyetso.
Antenna irihe?
Wabonye ko terefone zigendanwa zifite antenne ndende, kandi terefone zigendanwa kare zifite antenne nto?Kuki tutagira antene ubu?
Nibyiza, ntabwo aruko tudakeneye antene;ni uko antene yacu igenda iba nto.
Ukurikije ibiranga antene, uburebure bwa antenne bugomba kuba buhwanye nuburebure bwumuraba, hafi ya 1/10 ~ 1/4
Uko ibihe bihinduka, inshuro zitumanaho za terefone zigendanwa ziragenda ziyongera, kandi uburebure bwumurongo bugenda bugufi kandi bugufi, kandi antenne nayo izihuta.
Itumanaho rya milimetero, antenne nayo ihinduka milimetero
Ibi bivuze ko antene ishobora kwinjizwa rwose muri terefone igendanwa ndetse na antene nyinshi.
Uru nurufunguzo rwa gatatu rwa 5G
MIMO nini (tekinoroji ya antenna)
MIMO, bivuze byinshi-byinjiza, byinshi-bisohoka.
Mubihe bya LTE, dusanzwe dufite MIMO, ariko umubare wa antene ntabwo ari mwinshi, kandi Birashobora kuvugwa gusa ko aribwo buryo bwambere bwa MIMO.
Mugihe cya 5G, tekinoroji ya MIMO ihinduka verisiyo ishimishije ya Massive MIMO.
Terefone igendanwa irashobora kuzuzwa na antene nyinshi, tutibagiwe niminara ya selire.
Muri sitasiyo ibanza, hari antene nkeya.
Mugihe cya 5G, umubare wa antene ntabwo upimwa nibice ahubwo ni antenna ya "Array".
Ariko, antene ntizigomba kuba hafi cyane.
Kubera ibiranga antene, umurongo wa antenne nyinshi bisaba ko intera iri hagati ya antene igomba kubikwa hejuru yuburebure bwumuraba.Niba begereye cyane, bazivanga kandi bigira ingaruka ku ihererekanyabubasha no kwakira ibimenyetso.
Iyo sitasiyo fatizo yohereje ikimenyetso, ni nkitara.
Ikimenyetso cyoherezwa hafi.Kumucyo, byanze bikunze, ni ukumurikira icyumba cyose.Niba gusa byerekana ahantu runaka cyangwa ikintu runaka, urumuri rwinshi ruba rupfushije ubusa.
Sitasiyo fatizo ni imwe;imbaraga nyinshi nubutunzi bupfusha ubusa.
Noneho, niba dushobora kubona ikiganza kitagaragara cyo guhambira urumuri rutatanye?
Ibi ntibizigama ingufu gusa ahubwo binemeza ko agace kagomba kumurikirwa gafite urumuri ruhagije.
Igisubizo ni yego.
Ubu niKumurika
Kurungurura cyangwa gutandukanya akayunguruzo ni tekinike yo gutunganya ibimenyetso bikoreshwa muri sensor array yo kohereza ibimenyetso cyangwa kwakirwa.Ibi bigerwaho muguhuza ibintu muri antenne array kuburyo ibimenyetso kumpande zihariye bigira uruhare rwubaka mugihe abandi bahura nimbogamizi zangiza.Kumurika birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kohereza no kwakira amaherezo kugirango ugere ku guhitamo ahantu.
Ubu buryo butandukanye bwo guhinduranya ibintu bwahindutse buva ku byerekezo byose byerekanwe kuri serivisi zerekanwe neza, ntibizabangamira imirishyo mu mwanya umwe kugira ngo itange imiyoboro myinshi y'itumanaho, itezimbere cyane ubushobozi bwa serivisi ya sitasiyo.
Muri rezo igendanwa igezweho, niyo abantu babiri bahamagara imbona nkubone, ibimenyetso bitangwa binyuze kuri sitasiyo fatizo, harimo ibimenyetso byo kugenzura hamwe nudupaki twamakuru.
Ariko mugihe cya 5G, ibi bintu ntabwo byanze bikunze aribyo.
Ikintu cya gatanu cyingenzi kiranga 5G -D2Dni igikoresho.
Mugihe cya 5G, niba abakoresha babiri munsi yikibanza kimwe bavugana, amakuru yabo ntazongera koherezwa kuri sitasiyo fatizo ahubwo kuri terefone igendanwa.
Muri ubu buryo, bizigama imbaraga nyinshi zo mu kirere kandi bigabanya umuvuduko kuri sitasiyo fatizo.
Ariko, niba utekereza ko utagomba kwishyura muri ubu buryo, uribeshya.
Ubutumwa bwo kugenzura nabwo bukeneye kuva kuri sitasiyo fatizo;ukoresha ibikoresho bya sprifike.Nigute Operator yakureka ukagenda?
Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ntabwo ari amayobera;nk'ikamba ry'ikamba rya tekinoroji y'itumanaho, 5 G ntabwo ari tekinoroji yo guhanga udushya;nibyinshi nihindagurika ryikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho rihari.
Nkuko umuhanga umwe yabivuze -
Imipaka yikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho ntigarukira gusa ku mbogamizi za tekiniki ahubwo ni imyanzuro ishingiye ku mibare ikaze, bidashoboka gucika vuba.
Nuburyo bwo kurushaho gushakisha ubushobozi bwitumanaho murwego rwamahame yubumenyi nugukurikirana ubudacogora abantu benshi mubikorwa byitumanaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-02-2021